Perinatal Grief & Loss: Supporting Mothers Through Miscarriage and Stillbirth

Perinatal Grief & Loss: Supporting Mothers Through Miscarriage and Stillbirth

The pregnancy test was positive. You felt the flutter of first movements. You picked out names, decorated a nursery, imagined a future. And then—silence. No heartbeat. No movement. No baby.

Now you're navigating a grief that much of the world doesn't understand. People tell you "at least it was early" or "you can try again" or "it wasn't meant to be"—as if these words could fill the emptiness where your child should be.

You're not just grieving a pregnancy. You're grieving a person. A future. A dream. A love that existed fully in your heart, even if it never took a breath outside your body.

This is perinatal loss—the death of a baby during pregnancy or shortly after birth. And your grief is real, valid, and deserves support.

🤔 What Is Perinatal Loss?

Perinatal loss encompasses several types of pregnancy and infant loss:

Early miscarriage (before 12 weeks): Often called "spontaneous abortion" in medical terms, which can feel dehumanizing. Your baby might have been tiny, but your love and grief are not.

Late miscarriage (12-20 weeks): Far enough along that you felt movements, showed visibly, announced the pregnancy. The loss is public in a way early losses might not be.

Stillbirth (after 20 weeks): Carrying a baby to term or near-term, going through labor and delivery, holding a baby who never breathed. A full birth experience without the life that should follow.

Neonatal death (within 28 days of birth): Your baby lived hours, days, or weeks. You held them, loved them, and lost them.

Infant loss (within first year): Losing a baby to SIDS, illness, or accident after bringing them home.

Multiple loss: Some mothers experience recurrent miscarriages, losing multiple pregnancies. Each loss compounds the grief and trauma.

Each type of loss is different. Each deserves acknowledgment and grief.

The Unique Pain of Perinatal Loss

Losing a baby during pregnancy or shortly after birth carries specific, excruciating pain:

You Grieve Someone the World Didn't Know

Your baby existed fully to you. You felt them move, imagined their personality, loved them completely. But to much of the world, they were potential, not yet a person.

This means your grief is often minimized. "At least you didn't have time to get attached." But you were attached from the moment you saw that positive test. The length of time doesn't determine the depth of love.

Your Body Continues the Betrayal

After miscarriage, your body might still show pregnancy symptoms for days or weeks. Your breasts might produce milk for a baby who's not here to nurse. You might have post-birth bleeding and pain without a baby to show for it.

Every physical reminder is a fresh wound. Your body mourns in ways that don't align with the world's expectations of how long grief should last.

The Invisibility of Your Baby

With miscarriage, especially early loss, there may be no body to bury, no funeral to plan, no tangible proof that your baby existed. People might not understand that you're grieving a real person because there's nothing physical to point to.

But lack of physical remains doesn't erase your baby's existence or your right to grieve them.

The Isolation

Pregnancy loss is incredibly common—10-25% of known pregnancies end in miscarriage—yet it's rarely discussed openly. You might feel completely alone, like you're the only one this has happened to, because no one talks about it until it happens to them.

You're surrounded by pregnant women, babies, birth announcements. Reminders are everywhere, yet your loss is invisible.

The Loss of Future

You're not just grieving the baby you lost. You're grieving:

• The child they would have become

• The future you imagined with them

• The family dynamic that will never be

• Your identity as their parent

• The innocence of future pregnancies

• The trust in your body

You're grieving a thousand futures that will never happen.

The Medical Trauma

Often, pregnancy loss involves medical trauma:

• Finding out at a routine ultrasound that there's no heartbeat

• Being told "there's nothing we can do"

• Going through labor to deliver a baby who's already gone

• Surgical procedures like D&C

• Making impossible decisions about continuing care or letting go

The loss is traumatic enough. The medical experience can compound that trauma.

Types of Perinatal Loss and Their Unique Challenges

Early Miscarriage (Before 12 Weeks)

Common experiences:

• Not having told many people you were pregnant, so grieving alone

• Being told "it's common" or "it's nature's way" as if that makes it hurt less

• Bleeding at home, sometimes passing tissue, which can be physically traumatic

• Uncertainty about what caused it

• Fear that you did something wrong

Why it's hard:

You might not have visible pregnancy yet. You might not have had time to bond (though many do bond instantly). Yet the grief is profound. You loved your baby. You imagined your future. That loss is real.

Late Miscarriage (12-20 Weeks)

Common experiences:

• Having announced the pregnancy, so now having to un-announce

• Visible pregnancy bump that serves as a constant reminder

• Going through labor to deliver

• Sometimes having to decide about genetic testing or autopsy

• Possibly having found out the sex, named the baby, decorated a nursery

Why it's hard:

You were past the "safe" point. You relaxed into pregnancy. You felt movements. The baby felt real in a different way. The loss is more public, yet support often isn't greater.

Stillbirth (After 20 Weeks)

Common experiences:

• Realizing your baby has stopped moving and the panic of confirmation

• Going through full labor knowing your baby is already gone

• Holding your baby, taking photos, making memories in a handful of hours

• Leaving the hospital with empty arms

• Coming home to a nursery that will never be used

• Milk coming in with no baby to feed

• Having to decide about funeral arrangements, autopsy, cremation or burial

Why it's hard:

You went through pregnancy. You went through birth. But you didn't get to bring your baby home. You have all the physical aftereffects of birth with none of the joy. People expect you to be mothering a newborn. Instead, you're planning a funeral.

Neonatal or Infant Loss

Common experiences:

• Days, weeks, or months in NICU watching your baby fight

• Making impossible medical decisions

• Saying goodbye when treatment options are exhausted

• Grief complicated by relief (if your baby was suffering) which creates guilt

• Having held, fed, and cared for your baby, making the loss even more tangible

Why it's hard:

You were a parent. You bonded. You hoped. You advocated for your baby. And then you lost them anyway. The grief is compounded by the trauma of watching your baby suffer or decline. You have memories—and that makes the absence even more painful.

The Grief Process (Which Isn't Linear)

Everyone grieves differently. There's no right way, no timeline, no stages you must pass through in order.

You might experience:

Shock and Denial

For days or weeks after the loss, it might not feel real. You're going through the motions, but part of your brain can't accept that your baby is gone. This is your psyche protecting you from overwhelming pain.

Anger

Rage at your body for failing. Anger at God or the universe for letting this happen. Fury at pregnant women or people with healthy babies. Anger at medical staff, at well-meaning comments, at everything.

This anger is normal. It needs somewhere to go. Let yourself feel it without judgment.

Guilt and Self-Blame

The "what ifs" torture you. What if you hadn't exercised? What if you'd rested more? What if you'd gone to the doctor sooner? What if you'd eaten differently, slept differently, lived differently?

Most pregnancy losses are caused by chromosomal abnormalities or other factors completely beyond your control. But guilt is a way of trying to make sense of something senseless.

Profound Sadness

The weight of loss. Days where you can't get out of bed. Crying that comes in waves. Emptiness. Longing for your baby that physically aches.

This sadness isn't depression (though it can coexist with it). It's grief. It's love with nowhere to go.

Bargaining

"If I get pregnant again, I'll do everything perfectly." "If I can just have a healthy baby, I'll never ask for anything else." Trying to make deals with the universe to undo the loss or prevent future ones.

Acceptance (Not "Moving On")

Eventually—and this can take months or years—you integrate the loss into your life. You don't "get over it" or "move on." You learn to live with it. The grief becomes less acute, less constant. You have space for joy again, even alongside the sadness.

But you never forget. You never stop being your baby's mother.

The Physical Aftereffects of Pregnancy Loss

Pregnancy loss isn't just emotional. Your body is affected too.

Hormonal chaos: Pregnancy hormones drop suddenly, triggering mood swings, depression, anxiety, and physical symptoms similar to postpartum blues—except without a baby.

Lactation: If you lost your baby in the second or third trimester, your milk might come in. This is excruciatingly painful—both physically and emotionally. You can suppress lactation with medication or let it resolve naturally.

Post-birth bleeding and cramping: If you went through labor or had a D&C, you'll have post-birth physical recovery without the baby that usually accompanies it.

Chronic pain or complications: Some losses involve physical complications that cause lasting pain or health issues.

Fatigue and exhaustion: Grief is physically exhausting. Your body is trying to heal while your brain processes trauma. You might be more tired than you've ever been.

Changes in appetite, sleep, and energy: Grief dysregulates everything. You might not be able to eat, or you might overeat. Sleep might be impossible, or you might sleep excessively.

Your body needs care and gentleness as it heals.

How Perinatal Loss Affects Relationships

Partnership Strain

You and your partner (if you have one) are likely grieving differently. One might want to talk constantly; the other might withdraw. One might want to try again immediately; the other might be terrified of another loss.

Different grieving styles don't mean you don't both love your baby. But they can create distance and conflict.

Blame and resentment can creep in, especially if one partner wasn't as visibly invested in the pregnancy.

Sexual intimacy often suffers. Sex might remind you of loss, or feel hollow, or be colored by fear of another pregnancy.

Communication breakdown happens when both partners are drowning in their own grief and can't hold space for each other.

Couples therapy with a perinatal loss specialist can help you navigate this together instead of growing apart.

Family and Friends

People often say hurtful things unintentionally:

• "At least you can get pregnant"

• "Everything happens for a reason"

• "God needed another angel"

• "You'll have another baby"

• "It wasn't meant to be"

• "At least it was early"

These comments, meant to comfort, often minimize your loss. You might feel angry, isolated, or like you have to protect others from your grief.

Some people will surprise you with their compassion. Others will disappoint you deeply. Both are painful.

Existing Children

If you have living children, you're navigating your grief while still parenting. You might:

• Feel guilty for not being fully present

• Struggle to explain the loss in age-appropriate ways

• Worry about how your grief is affecting them

• Resent that you have to keep functioning when you want to fall apart

Your children are grieving too, in their own ways. They lost a sibling. Their grief is valid, even if it looks different from yours.

Deciding What to Do Next

After pregnancy loss, you face decisions that can feel impossible:

Whether to Try Again

Some women want to try immediately. Others need time to grieve. Some never want to try again because the fear is too great.

There's no right answer. Only what feels right for you.

Consider:

• Your physical readiness (ask your doctor when it's medically safe)

• Your emotional readiness (can you handle the anxiety of another pregnancy right now?)

• Your relationship stability (are you and your partner aligned?)

• Your support system (do you have help if you need it?)

There's no deadline. You can change your mind. You can try when you're ready, or never try again. Both are valid choices.

✨ How to Memorialize Your Baby

Some mothers want rituals and tangible memorials:

• Funeral or memorial service

• Planting a tree

• Jewelry with baby's name or birthstone

• Memory box with ultrasound photos, hospital bracelet, etc.

• Tattoo

• Donation in baby's name

• Annual remembrance ritual

Others prefer private, internal memorialization. Neither is better. Do what honors your baby and your grief.

✨ How to Handle Pregnancy Announcements and Baby Showers

You're allowed to:

• Decline baby shower invitations

• Unfollow pregnant women on social media

• Leave gatherings when baby talk becomes too much

• Ask friends to tell you about pregnancies via text instead of in person

• Feel jealous, angry, or sad when others get what you lost

Self-preservation isn't selfishness. Protect your healing.

When Grief Becomes Clinical Depression

Grief and depression can coexist. Sometimes normal grief transitions into clinical depression.

Seek professional help if:

• You're having thoughts of harming yourself

• You can't function (can't get out of bed, can't work, can't care for existing children)

• You're using substances to numb the pain

• You feel hopeless and empty for weeks without any relief

• You're withdrawing completely from everyone

• You're having intrusive thoughts about death or dying

• You feel worthless or like a burden to your family

Depression isn't a sign of weakness or insufficient grief. It's a medical condition that requires treatment. Therapy and/or medication can help you heal without diminishing your love for your baby.

Professional Support for Perinatal Loss

🗣️ Therapy

Grief counseling helps you process your loss in a safe, non-judgmental space. Couples therapy can help you and your partner navigate loss together. Trauma therapy (EMDR, somatic experiencing) addresses medical trauma if the loss involved traumatic experiences.

Look for a therapist who:

• Specializes in perinatal loss

• Won't minimize your grief or rush you through it

• Understands the unique aspects of losing a baby

• Can support you if you decide to try again

🤝 Support Groups

Connecting with other mothers who've experienced pregnancy loss is incredibly validating. You don't have to explain. They understand.

Types of support groups:

• General pregnancy loss

• Specific to type of loss (miscarriage, stillbirth, etc.)

• Subsequent pregnancy after loss

• Online groups (helpful if local groups aren't available)

Postpartum Support International and Share Pregnancy & Infant Loss Support offer free support groups.

Medical Follow-Up

After pregnancy loss, you need:

• Physical checkup to ensure complete healing

• Discussion of what (if anything) caused the loss

• Genetic counseling if indicated

• Guidance on when it's safe to try again (if you want to)

Don't hesitate to get second opinions or switch providers if yours was dismissive or traumatic.

Subsequent Pregnancy After Loss

If you decide to try again, pregnancy after loss is emotionally complex.

You'll likely experience:

• Intense anxiety about losing this baby too

• Inability to relax or enjoy pregnancy

• Hypervigilance about every symptom

• Difficulty bonding until you know baby is safe

• Triggering moments (passing milestones where you lost your previous baby)

• Guilt about replacing your baby (you're not—each baby is unique)

What helps:

• Specialist care with maternal-fetal medicine if indicated

• Extra monitoring and ultrasounds for reassurance

• Therapy throughout pregnancy

• Support groups specifically for subsequent pregnancy after loss

• Compassionate medical providers who understand your trauma

You can love your new baby while still grieving the one you lost. Both/and, not either/or.

🤝 Supporting Someone Through Perinatal Loss

If someone you love has experienced pregnancy loss:

DO:

• Acknowledge their baby by name (if they named them)

• Say "I'm so sorry for your loss"

• Offer specific help ("I'm bringing dinner Thursday, what sounds good?")

• Remember the baby on due dates, angelversaries, holidays

• Listen without trying to fix or minimize

• Understand that grief doesn't have a timeline

• Be comfortable with silence and tears

DON'T:

• Say "everything happens for a reason" or "it wasn't meant to be"

• Suggest they should be over it by now

• Tell them about others' losses (unless they specifically ask)

• Minimize the loss ("at least it was early")

• Pressure them to try again

• Avoid them because you don't know what to say

Your presence matters more than perfect words.

A Message of Hope and Reality

I won't tell you that everything happens for a reason. I won't tell you that your baby is in a better place. I won't tell you that you'll have another baby and everything will be fine.

What I will tell you is this:

Your baby was real. Your love is real. Your grief is real. And your healing, however long it takes, is possible.

You will not always hurt this much. The waves of grief will become less frequent, less overwhelming. You'll have moments of joy again. You'll laugh again. You'll plan futures again.

But you'll never forget. You'll never stop being your baby's mother. That loss becomes part of you—not the whole you, but a piece of your story. A tender place in your heart that's both painful and precious.

There is no "closure." There is only integration. Learning to hold both grief and joy. Learning to live fully even with the loss.

You are not broken. You are a mother grieving your child. And that grief deserves respect, time, and support.

📚 Resources

Postpartum Support International

• Helpline: 800-944-4773

• Text "HELP" to 800-944-4773

• Perinatal loss support groups

• Website: postpartum.net

Share Pregnancy & Infant Loss Support

• Support groups, resources, memorial ideas

• Website: nationalshare.org

Star Legacy Foundation

• Stillbirth research, support, education

• Website: starlegacyfoundation.org

The Compassionate Friends

• Support for grieving families after death of child

• Website: compassionatefriends.org

Return to Zero: HOPE

• Support, advocacy, research funding

• Website: rtzhope.org

Bloom Psychology

We specialize in perinatal loss and grief. We offer:

• Individual therapy for mothers grieving pregnancy or infant loss

• Support during subsequent pregnancy after loss

• Online community of supportive mothers

• Virtual therapy across Texas

• In-person sessions in Austin

Schedule a free 15-minute consultation: bloompsychologynorthaustin.com/book

Call us: 512-898-9510

Your baby mattered. Your grief matters. You deserve support as you heal.

*Dr. Jana Rundle is a licensed clinical psychologist specializing in maternal mental health and perinatal loss. She has supported hundreds of mothers through the devastating grief of losing a baby, and she believes that every baby—no matter how brief their life—deserves to be remembered, and every mother deserves compassionate care as she heals.*